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Table 1 Participant usage of smartphone

From: GPS sensor-based mobile learning for English: an exploratory study on self-efficacy, self-regulation and student achievement

Duration

Number

Percent

Less than 1 year

6

14.6

1 to 2 years

21

51.2

2 to 3 years

7

17.1

3 to 4 years

1

2.4

4 to 5 years

3

7.3

5 years and above

1

2.4

Never

2

4.9

Total

41

100.0