Skip to main content

Table 1 BOSS Observation protocol (Shapiro 2003). Observation codes

From: Effect of active learning using program visualization in technology-constrained college classrooms

Engagement

Active engagement

Passive engagement

Writing

Listening to lecture

Reading aloud

Reading silently

Raising hand

Looking at assigned material

Talking about learning material

Listening to peer answer related to work

Talking to peer about learning material

Looking at locus of attention

Non-engagement (motor, verbal, and passive off-task)

O—out of seat

S—making audible sounds

MO—manipulating objects non-related

Tl—talking at inappropriate times

TO—touching another students/adult

IR—inappropriate remark

TA—turning his body away/head down; fidgeting in seat

LA—looking around room; staring away

  1. Based on BOSS terminology