Table 3 Denotation of variables and their basic descriptive statistics
Variable (meaning) | Values | Counts/M(SD) |
|---|---|---|
BIOL (in biology class) | 0 = non-BIOL, 1 = BIOL | 251 |
PHYS (in physics class) | 0 = non-PHYS, 1 = PHYS | 226 |
VPHY (in physiology class) | 0 = non-VPHY, 1 = VPHY | 124 |
VCOND (visualization condition) | 0 = VB, 1 = VA | 280 |
GENDER | 0 = non-FEMALE, 1 = FEMALE | 364 |
ENGL (English used at home as first language) | 0 = non-ENGL, 1 = ENGL | 543 |
T ASSESS (time spent on assessment) | 0–6000 (seconds) | 2534.8 (1337.3) |
T DCV (time spent on DCV) | 0–500 (seconds) | 180.6 (142.6) |
U (osmosis understanding; dependent variable) | − 4–4 (logit) | −0.02 (0.81) |