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Table 7 The best F-measure of each explanatory variable, algorithm with the best F-measure, nDCG of each explanatory variable, name of each explanatory variable, and meaning of each explanatory variable

From: Student placement and skill ranking predictors for programming classes using class attitude, psychological scales, and code metrics

F-measure

Algorithm

nDCG

Explanatory variable name

Meaning

0.669

NN

0.851

Q1

Satisfaction with class

0.669

DT

0.837

Q2

Learning time

0.670

SVM(LK)

0.855

Q3

Effort to understand the content

0.793

LR

0.893

Q4

Comprehension of class content

0.669

DT

0.893

Q5

Ease of understanding class materials

0.713

SVM(LK)

0.867

Q6

Difficulty of tasks and homework

0.702

LR

0.897

Q7

Amount of exercises and homework

0.669

DT

0.842

Q8

Teacher’s understanding of students’ level

0.756

DT

0.865

Q9

Interest in competitive programming

0.795

DT

0.871

Q10

Whether the class is meaningful

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.772

Perseverance of Effort

Long-term efforts to achieve the goals

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.845

Consistency of Interest

Self-control and ability to focus the goal

0.681

DT

0.832

Mastery Orientation

Enhance ability

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.796

Performance Avoidance

Superior to others

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.787

Performance Approach

Avoid situations where one’s incompetence is obvious

0.719

DT

0.805

Instrumental Competitiveness

Achieve another purpose through competition

0.691

DT

0.791

Avoidance of Competition

Avoid competition

0.661

SVM(RBF)

0.799

Never-Give-Up Attitude

Do not want to lose

0.827

SVM(LK)

0.886

Interest Value

Gain fulfillment and satisfaction

0.674

SVM(RBF)

0.854

Institutional Utility Value

Must pass the exam for employment or admission

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.864

Practical Utility Value

Useful for work and study

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.863

Private Attainment Value

Improve oneself on an absolute scale

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.777

Public Attainment Value

Improve oneself on a relative scale

0.866

LR

0.882

Self-efficacy

Confidence of one’s own ability

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.828

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation by curiosity and interest

0.734

LR

0.933

AOJ

Total number of questions answered

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.801

Difficulty Level 1 (AOJ)

No. of answers for level 1 problem

0.826

LR

0.936

Difficulty Level 2 (AOJ)

No. of answers for level 2 problem

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.927

Difficulty Level 3 (AOJ)

No. of answers for level 3 problem

0.669

SVM(LK)

0.887

Difficulty Level 4 (AOJ)

No. of answers for level 4 problem

0.850

SVM(RBF)

0.945

isSolved

Rank of AOJ

0.892

SVM(RBF)

0.946

LOC

lines of code

0.887

SVM(RBF)

0.939

Boolean Expression Complexity

No. of &&, ||, &, | and ^

0.852

SVM(RBF)

0.947

Class Data Abstraction Coupling

No. of instantiations of other classes

0.911

SVM(RBF)

0.937

Class Fan Out Complexity

No. of other classes a given class relies on

0.882

SVM(RBF)

0.934

Cyclomatic Complexity

Min no. of possible paths in through source

0.878

SVM(RBF)

0.936

Executable Statement Count

No. of executable statements

0.867

SVM(RBF)

0.935

Max Len file

No. of files exceeding the max LOC (2000)

0.864

SVM(RBF)

0.939

Max Len method

No. of methods exceeding the max LOC (150)

0.852

DT

0.939

Max Line Len

No. of lines exceeding the max characters (80)

0.883

SVM(RBF)

0.943

Max Outer Types

No. of types declared at the outer (o r root) level in a file (1)

0.863

SVM(RBF)

0.946

Max Param

No. of parameters exceeding max (7)

0.880

SVM(RBF)

0.929

NCSS Class

No. of classes exceeding the max non-comment lines in the class (1500)

0.881

SVM(RBF)

0.945

NCSS File

No. of files exceeding the max commenting lines in a file including all top level and nested classes (2000)

0.897

SVM(RBF)

0.931

NCSS Method

No. of methods exceeding the max non-comment lines in the class (50)

0.894

SVM(RBF)

0.942

Npath Complexity

No. of possible execution paths through a function (method)

0.876

NN

0.943

Too Many Methods

No. of methods exceeding the max methods at all scope levels (100)

0.841

LR

0.842

Hope Class

Class which each student wants to be in.

  1. Qcorresponds to numbers of Table 4: Questions in the questionnaire about the class. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the default maximum values