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Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning

Table 1 Inferential statistics of the MANOVA for dyads and individuals and multilevel analyses

From: What interdependence can tell us about collaborative learning: a statistical and psychological perspective

   Time Group Time × Group
N df 1 df 2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2 F p ηp2
Multivariate
 Dyad level 41 2 38 81.92 < .001 .81 2.04 .144 .10 3.38 .045 .15
 Individual level 82 2 79 100.68 < .001 .72 2.40 .097 .06 3.55 .033 .08
Performance
 Dyad level 41 1 39 62.98 < .001 .62 0.58 .450 .01 4.63 .038 .11
 Individual level 82 1 80 62.45 < .001 .44 0.64 .428 .01 4.59 .035 .05
 Multilevel 82 1 39/121 52.81 < .001 .30 0.58 .450 .01 3.88 .051 .03
Confidence
 Dyad level 41 1 39 115.39 < .001 .75 2.21 .145 .05 1.90 .176 .05
 Individual level 82 1 80 146.50 < .001 .65 2.78 .099 .03 2.41 .125 .03
 Multilevel 82 1 39/121 109.25 < .001 .47 2.21 .145 .05 1.80 .183 .01
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