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Table 13 Results of ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparisons (with Bonferroni correction) on motivational factors among four clusters (ā€œValue of practice with different combinations of smart content typesā€ section)

From: An integrated practice system for learning programming in Python: design and evaluation

Ā 

M (SD)

p value

Mult. compar. (pvalue)

Ā 

Inactive

Mix

Animations

Problems

(partial Ī·2)

Inactive, mix

Mix, animations

F

.531 (.141)

.590 (.166)

.527 (.133)

.617 (.204)

.001 (.036)

.002

Ā 

CB

.541 (.168)

.600 (.174)

.502 (.140)

.627 (.183)

.001 (.038)

.005

.062

V

.666 (.146)

.703 (.163)

.639 (.127)

.658 (.158)

.056 (.018)

Ā Ā 

MAp

.626 (.157)

.697 (.156)

.628 (.099)

.646 (.169)

<ā€‰.001 (.049)

<ā€‰.001

Ā 

PAp

.549 (.184)

.600 (.211)

.540 (.127)

.566 (.188)

.061 (.017)

.064

Ā 
  1. Only significant and marginally significant differences are reported