Table 5 Multilevel model: generalized estimating equations (GEE)
B | SE | 95% Wald confidence interval | Hypothesis test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | Wald chi-square | df | |||
Reading self-concept | ||||||
Intercept | 3.797 | 0.1080 | 3.585 | 4.01 | 1235.35*** | 1 |
Typical-struggling readers | 0.442 | 0.0986 | 0.249 | 0.635 | 20.11*** | 1 |
Accelerated-self-paced | − 0.011 | 0.0988 | − 0.205 | 0.182 | 0.013 | 1 |
Time1-time3 | − 0.120 | 0.0612 | − 0.240 | 0.000 | 3.815* | 1 |
Time2-time3 | 0.101 | 0.0487 | 0.006 | 0.197 | 4.301* | 1 |
Reading rate (words + text) | ||||||
Intercept | 63.509 | 2.10 | 59.39 | 67.63 | 911.5*** | 1 |
Typical-struggling readers | 26.283 | 2.31 | 21.76 | 30.81 | 129.66*** | 1 |
Accelerated-self-paced | − 1.846 | 2.44 | − 6.62 | 2.93 | 0.574 | 1 |
Time1-time3 | − 36.282 | 1.28 | − 38.80 | − 33.76 | 797.99*** | 1 |
Time2-time3 | − 6.422 | 0.98 | − 8.36 | − 4.49 | 42.31*** | 1 |
Reading accuracy (words + text)a | ||||||
Intercept | − 2.272 | 0.15 | − 2.57 | − 1.97 | 219.36*** | 1 |
Typical-struggling readers | − 1.084 | 0.019 | − 1.449 | − 0.72 | 33.87*** | 1 |
Accelerated-self-paced | − 0.15 | 0.19 | − 0.52 | 0.22 | 0.625 | 1 |
Time1-time3 | 1.13 | 0.08 | 0.972 | 1.287 | 191.51*** | 1 |
Time2-time3 | 0.793 | 0.03 | 0.736 | 0.851 | 726.04*** | 1 |
Reading comprehension a | ||||||
Intercept | 1.009 | 0.29 | 0.441 | 1.577 | 12.12*** | 1 |
Typical-struggling readers | 1.735 | 0.30 | 1.14 | 2.33 | 32.76*** | 1 |
Accelerated-self-paced | 0.39 | 0.31 | − 0.225 | 1.008 | 1.54 | 1 |
Time1-time3 | − 1.97 | 0.214 | − 2.39 | − 1.55 | 84.26*** | 1 |
Time2-time3 | − 0.552 | 0.1801 | − 0.905 | − 0.199 | 9.40** | 1 |