Table 1 Teacher design knowledge (TDK) competency taxonomy

1.1 Documentation of available designs

2.1 Appropriating design principles through learning

3.1 Epistemic agency for an idea-centered discourse

4.1 Adaptability

1.2 Creating student-generated learning data

2.2 Applying design principles by teacher-researcher partnerships

3.2 Distributed social interactions for collective knowledge advancements

4.2 Teacher collaboration

1.3 Manipulating and analyzing student learning data

2.3 Improvising new design principles in new designs

3.3 Collaborative formative assessment for knowledge creation

4.3 Design thinking

1.4 Visualizing student learning

2.4 Redefining design principles in multiple iterations

3.4 Expansive learning for knowledge transformation

4.4 Teacher Leadership