Table 3 Correlations between gamification user types, mechanics, and online learning activities (n = 86)
From: Towards a motivational design? Connecting gamification user types and online learning activities
User type | Gamification mechanics | Online learning activities | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(A) Forums | (B) Peer Assessment | (C) Quiz | (D) Task | (E) Tutorial | (F) Wiki | ||
(1) Socializer—relatedness | Social Discovery/Network (So1) | .594* | .397* | .019 | .255* | .279* | .340* |
Guilds/Teams (So2) | .184 | .307* | − .209 | .005 | .188 | .232* | |
Social Pressure (neg.) (So3) | .081 | .045 | − .148 | .096 | .060 | − .054 | |
Social Pressure (pos.) (So4) | .177 | .215* | − .103 | .022 | .089 | − .009 | |
(2) Free Spirit—autonomy | Creativity (Tools) (FS1) | .202 | .180 | .008 | .045 | .113 | − .009 |
Exploration (FS2) | .212 | .173 | .275* | .012 | .194 | − .003 | |
Easter Eggs (FS3) | − .091 | .043 | − .004 | − .078 | .042 | .000 | |
Branching Choices (FS4) | .118 | .070 | .088 | − .049 | .126 | − .186 | |
(3) Achiever—competence | Level/Progression (A1) | .163 | .043 | .117 | .170 | .388* | .235* |
Learning/New Skills (A2) | .090 | .167 | .108 | .092 | .162 | .245* | |
Quests (A3) | − .025 | .077 | − .095 | .080 | .070 | − .067 | |
Unlockables/Rare Content (A4) | .009 | .115 | .078 | .015 | .243* | .156 | |
(4) Philanthropist—purpose | Care-Taking (Ph1) | .014 | .013 | .074 | − .135 | .215* | .201 |
Sharing Knowledge (Ph2) | .309* | .262* | .052 | .117 | .172 | .257* | |
Purpose/Meaning (Ph3) | .079 | − .006 | .011 | − .102 | .248* | .162 | |
Collect and Trade (Ph4) | .177 | − .014 | − .013 | .081 | .125 | .136 | |
(5) Player—rewards | Leaderboards/Ladders (P1) | − .056 | .045 | − .085 | − .077 | − .065 | − .026 |
(Virtual)Economy (P2) | .109 | .159 | − .021 | .213* | − .010 | .084 | |
(Physical)Rewards/Prizes (P3) | .000 | .041 | − .114 | − .046 | .110 | .058 | |
Badges/Achievements; Certificates (P4) | .124 | − .026 | .073 | .078 | − .009 | .012 | |