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Table 1 Structure and sample items in the adapted R-LPQ-2F instrument

From: Learning principles of accounting in ICT-supported learning environments of Malaysian secondary schools: future-oriented approach

Approach

Total item

Sub construct

Scales

Sample item

Deep approach

13

Deep motive

Intrinsic interest

I find that at times studying Principles of Accounting makes me feel really happy and satisfied.

Commitment to work

I like to do enough work on a topic of Principles of Accounting so that I can fully master its concepts.

Deep strategy

Relating ideas

I try to relate what I have learned in Principles of Accounting to what I have learned in other subjects.

Understanding

When I read a Principles of Accounting textbook, I try to understand its contents.

Surface approach

12

Surface motive

Fear of failure

I am discouraged by a poor mark on a test of Principles of Accounting.

Aim for qualification

I intend to pursue an accounting degree because I feel that I will then be able to get a better job.

Surface strategy

Minimising scope of study

I learn only topics which are included in the examination of Principles of Accounting.

Memorisation

I learn Principles of Accounting by rote, going over and over them until I know them by heart.