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Table 6 Results of various sentic patterns with performance metrics for both identifying doubt and overall doubt classification (P, R, F denotes Precision, Recall, and F1 score, respectively with P-y indicating Precision in identifying doubt or label ‘y’ during testing)

From: Automated doubt identification from informal reflections through hybrid sentic patterns and machine learning approach

Pattern #

Sentic pattern + Doubt SPD algorithm

P-y

R-y

F-y

P

R

F

1

Questioning

0.95

0.11

0.20

0.86

0.55

0.54

2

Confirming

0.67

0.08

0.15

0.72

0.53

0.51

3

Affirming

0.54

0.22

0.32

0.67

0.58

0.59

4

Clarifying

0.45

0.15

0.22

0.61

0.54

0.54

5

Dissenting

0.48

0.27

0.34

0.64

0.59

0.60

6

3+5

0.49

0.57

0.52

0.67

0.69

0.68

7

1+3+5

0.54

0.53

0.54

0.70

0.69

0.69

8

3+4+5

0.51

0.47

0.49

0.67

0.66

0.67

9

1+3+4+5

0.51

0.63

0.57

0.69

0.72

0.70

10

1+2+3+4+5

0.51

0.68

0.58

0.70

0.74

0.71