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Table 4 Pre- and posttest results and related statistical data

From: Dr. Mosaik: a holistic framework for understanding the English tense–aspect system based on ontology engineering

 

Range

Mean

Standard deviation

Mean difference

t

P

η2

Effect size

Traditional rules (control group)

n = 17 (17 students)

 Pretest

45% to 97%

77%

15.25

10%

– 4.98

.000

0.61

 

 Posttest

53% to 100%

87%

12.55

Dr. Mosaik 1

n = 20

 Pretest

56% to 100%

66%

8.46

20%

– 9.21

.000

0.82

0.88

 Posttest

67% to 97%

86%

8.46

Dr. Mosaik 2

n = 11

 Pretest

56% to 86%

64%

16.7

26%

– 8.94

.000

0.89

1.16

 Posttest

72% to 100%

90%

8.5