From: Investigating the causal relationships between badges and learning outcomes in SQL-Tutor
 | Seen badge page (23) | Not seen (19) | Significant |
---|---|---|---|
Pretest % | 54.59 (25.05) | 65.49 (21.88) | p = .22 |
Time-on-task (min) | 365.30 (272.27) | 195.32 (316.96) | U = 348.5, p < 0.001 |
Solved problems | 47.48 (36.86) | 29.47 (44.49) | U = 326.5, p < 0.01 |
Constraints | 287.74 (60.98) | 247.84 (75.82) | U = 299.5, p < 0.05 |
Badges | 5.74 (.81) | 5.05 (.78) | U = 317, p < 0.01 |
Student level | 3.70 (1.72) | 2.84 (1.39) | p = 0.07 |
Posttest % | n = 13; 4.38 (2.93) | n = 8; 5.88 (3.72) | p = 0.34 |