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Table 1 Learning architecture of the LMOOC based on (Reinders, 2010)

From: Understanding affordances and limitations in a language MOOC from an activity theory perspective

Learning stages in the framework

Learning stages in LMOOC

Learning activities

 

Registration

Create profiles

 

Stage 0: general

Instruction on how to learn in the course and how to use features and tools in the platform

Introduction to pronunciation scaffolder

Identifying needs + setting goals

Stage 1: identify the type of presentation

Identify the type of presentation learners want to do

Identifying needs

Stage 2: self-evaluation and Identifying needs

Self-evaluation (language, engagement and visual aids)

Upload videos and get feedback from peers

Reflect on past experience with the topic and identify what needs improvements

Setting goals + planning learning + selecting resources

Stage 3: creating learning plan

Set their learning goals and create their learning plan

Discuss plan with their peers (for group)

Find additional language learning resources outside of LMOOC

Selecting learning strategies and practice

Stage 4: language learning activities

Learn and practice English with a wide range of language learning activities

Work on presentation

Get feedback from their peers

Monitoring progress and assessment and revision

Stage 5: rehearsal

Upload final presentation for feedback for them to improve upon

Monitoring progress and assessment and revision

Stage 6: final presentation

Upload improved presentation

Uploaded videos are rated by other learners