Table 2 Students’ online knowledge sharing behavior

Willingness to share

1. I am willing to discuss new ideas with my classmates in the online course

2. I am willing to share knowledge that I acquire with my classmates in the online course

3. I am willing to share course materials with my classmates in the online platform

Ability to share

4. I find it easy to put what I know into words

5. I am confident in my ability to provide knowledge to my classmates

6. I am confident that my knowledge sharing would increase the performance of my classmates

Instructor support

7. My instructors support us in sharing knowledge with other classmates in the online course

8. using the online platform, my instructor encourages us to discuss with other classmates

9. My instructors gives us a reward, such as verbal praise and score, when sharing knowledge with other classmates in the online courses

Degree of competition

10. I feel that my final grade is dependent on a great extent on the relative performance of my classmates

11. I feel that my classmates have the potential to perform better than me

12. I feel that my classmates are my competitors

Technology availability

13. I often experience difficulties in accessing the existing communication channel for sharing knowledge

14. Tools and technology for sharing knowledge is available when it is needed

15. whenever I want to share knowledge there are some IT tools available for sharing knowledge

Technology support

16. IT makes it easier for me to share knowledge with my classmates

17. Tools and technology for sharing knowledge can be customized to fit individual needs

18. I am satisfied with the overall quality of tools and technology for sharing knowledge in our university

Knowledge sharing

19. I usually inform my classmates of what I am working on

20. I usually share with my classmates the new knowledge that I acquire

21. I always tell my classmates whatever I know when they ask me