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Table 4 Statistical difference analysis of the test conducted after the L, P and L + P teaching phases (N = 31)

From: Learning dialogs orchestrated with BookRoll: effects on engagement and learning in an undergraduate physics course

Activity

Mean (out of 10)

SD

V

SS

df

MS

F

P value*

F-crit

Lecture focus (L)

6.43

1.58

2.645

      

Problem focus (P)

7.47

1.17

1.453

16.66

 

16.66

8.12

0.006

4.00

LeD (L + P)

9.51

1.73

3.195

64.740

1

64.74

27.85

0.00

4.00

  1. *Significant at p value < 0.05