Table 1 Instructional design regarding formal and informal platforms
| Â | Formal platform | Informal platform |
|---|---|---|
Technological tools | Moodle | |
Purpose | Course-related online discussion to enhance cross-cultural understanding and reflection on course content | Informal and social-oriented discussion to enhance social interaction and relationships |
Grouping | Three smaller culturally mixed groups | One big group with everyone interested in |
Topics | General topics set for each discussion forums. | Free discussion |
Facilitation | Instructors as facilitators | RAs as facilitators |