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Table 2 Models for handling data in educational setting

From: Privacy and data protection in learning analytics should be motivated by an educational maxim—towards a proposal

Model for data handling

Model focus

Question asked

Legal model

Justified purpose for data collection?

Are the risks to the individual balanced with the benefits to the individual and the system?

Research model

Consent, fair data handling, and safe data keeping

Have participants agreed to be part of the research?

Administrative model

Handling of personally identifiable information

Are the data de-identified and kept safe?

Pedagogical model

Learning gain

Are collected data relevant for understanding and optimising learning and the environments in which it occurs?