Table 7 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between CPS awareness and learning behaviors
From: Direction of collaborative problem solving-based STEM learning by learning analytics approach
CPS awareness | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social skills | Cognitive skills | |||||
Participation | Perspective taking | Social regulation | Task regulation | Learning and knowledge building | ||
Learning behaviors | Pre-learning | |||||
Next(p) | − 0.00 (0.99) | 0.44 (0.15) | − 0.33 (0.29) | 0.31 (0.33) | − 0.47 (0.13) | |
Prev(p) | 0.40 (0.19) | 0.40 (0.20) | 0.08 (0.82) | 0.08 (0.80) | − 0.55† (0.07) | |
AM(p) | 0.22 (0.50) | 0.41 (0.18) | − 0.10 (0.76) | 0.25 (0.44) | − 0.60* (0.04) | |
DM(p) | − 0.04 (0.92) | 0.24 (0.45) | − 0.29 (0.36) | 0.31 (0.33) | − 0.54† (0.07) | |
AA(p) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.20 (0.54) | − 0.25 (0.43) | − 0.10 (0.75) | − 0.50 (0.10) | |
AB(p) | 0.25 (0.43) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.08 (0.80) | − 0.13 (0.69) | − 0.03 (0.93) | |
Group discussion | ||||||
Next(g) | − 0.03 (0.92) | − 0.06 (0.86) | 0.11 (0.74) | − 0.45 (0.14) | 0.39 (0.21) | |
Prev(g) | − 0.08 (0.80) | − 0.29 (0.35) | 0.18 (0.58) | − 0.41 (0.19) | 0.20 (0.54) | |
AM(g) | 0.27 (0.40) | − 0.01 (0.97) | 0.60* (0.04) | 0.15 (0.65) | 0.17 (0.59) | |
DM(g) | 0.05 (0.89) | − 0.22 (0.50) | 0.64* (0.03) | 0.06 (0.85) | 0.24 (0.46) | |
AA(g) | 0.49 (0.10) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.26 (0.41) | 0.40 (0.20) | 0.13 (0.68) | |
AB(g) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.10 (0.76) | 0.40 (0.20) | 0.35 (0.27) | − 0.09 (0.79) | |