Table 1 Sample characteristics and baseline comparisons at T1 (middle of grade 1)
From: (Swiss) GraphoLearn: an app-based tool to support beginning readers
Training groups | Control | Contrasts | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 n = 18 | Group 2* n = 16 | Good readers n = 16 | TG1 : CG | TG2 : CG | TG1 : TG2 | |||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | t | p value | t | p value | t | p value | ||
Sex ratio (f:m) | 10:8 | 5:11 | 11:5 | |||||||
Age | 7.22 (0.30) | 7.34 (0.38) | 7.24 (0.29) | −0.21 | .832 | 0.83 | .414 | −1.03 | .310 | |
IQ (CFT-1)a | 99.78 (7.04) | 99.50 (12.77) | 103.93 (11.99) | −1.24 | .225 | −0.99 | .328 | 0.08 | .937 | |
Reading tests | ||||||||||
SLRT-IIb | ||||||||||
Words | 17.61 (14.53) | 23.43 (19.34) | 51.91 (35.73) | −3.74 | .001 | −2.73 | .011 | −0.99 | .331 | |
Pseudowords | 13.11 (13.29) | 15.00 (16.50) | 46.44 (33.53) | −3.89 | .000 | −3.28 | .003 | −0.36 | .718 | |
Upper-case word reading | 11.33 (6.09) | 13.87 (6.49) | 25.50 (17.83) | −3.18 | .003 | −2.38 | .024 | −1.15 | .257 | |
Local reading test | ||||||||||
Words | 12.56 (9.22) | 13.93 (5.85) | 20.13 (7.43) | −2.56 | .015 | −2.54 | .017 | −0.50 | .620 | |
Pseudowords | 8.83 (8.27) | 11.93 (9.03) | 19.07 (7.48) | −3.73 | .001 | −2.36 | .026 | −1.03 | .312 | |
Phonological processing | ||||||||||
TEPHOBE | ||||||||||
Rhyme | 4.72 (1.45) | 5.00 (1.56) | 5.56 (1.03) | −1.93 | .063 | −1.19 | .243 | −0.53 | .600 | |
Initial sound categorization | 4.89 (2.03) | 5.80 (1.78) | 6.38 (1.15) | −2.59 | .014 | −1.08 | .291 | −1.36 | .184 | |
BAKO | ||||||||||
Phoneme deletion | 2.72 (2.16) | 2.20 (2.11) | 4.13 (2.03) | −1.94 | .061 | −2.59 | .015 | 0.70 | .490 | |
Pseudoword segmentation | 3.11 (1.28) | 2.67 (1.95) | 3.88 (1.46) | −1.63 | .113 | −1.96 | .059 | 0.80 | .438 | |
Vowel substitution | 5.06 (2.88) | 4.00 (2.56) | 6.50 (1.59) | −1.78 | .085 | −3.29 | .003 | 1.10 | .279 | |
Rapid automatized naming | ||||||||||
Letters** | 0.89 (0.30) | 1.06 (0.28) | 1.42 (0.45) | −4.10 | .000 | −2.59 | .015 | −1.65 | .109 | |
Numbers** | 0.90 (0.23) | 1.00 (0.16) | 1.31 (0.38) | −3.81 | .001 | −2.86 | .008 | −1.28 | .209 | |
Colors | 0.60 (0.20) | 0.61 (0.17) | 0.84 (0.31) | −2.71 | .011 | −2.54 | .017 | −0.15 | .883 | |
Objects | 0.65 (0.13) | 0.66 (0.12) | 0.83 (0.17) | −4.10 | .000 | −3.16 | .004 | −0.06 | .953 | |