Table 1 Paired sample descriptive statistics

Flipped

Pair 1

Pre-content

10.6800

25

2.79464

0.55893

Post-content

24.1200

25

1.42361

0.28472

Pair 2

Pre-organization

10.8800

25

1.85562

0.37112

Post-organization

24.2400

25

1.16476

0.23295

Pair 3

Pre-vocabulary

6.9600

25

1.64520

0.32904

Post-vocabulary

14.6000

25

2.25462

0.45092

Pair 4

Pre-language use

11.1200

25

2.04776

0.40955

Post-language use

23.7200

25

2.15097

0.43019

Pair 5

Pre-sentence mechanics

6.0000

25

0.91287

0.18257

Post-sentence mechanics

8.6000

25

0.70711

0.14142

Pair 6

Pre-performance

45.6400

25

7.92612

1.58522

Post-performance

95.2800

25

3.84621

0.76924